Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers, Cloud Engineer Interview Questions, Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers
Cloud Computing Interview Questions
Q1. Explain briefly the types of Cloud Computing.
Ans. The main types of cloud computing are the followings-
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
This is the cloud computing model. In this type of service cloud computing power, network power, storage, software, and all other controls are with the user. Most businesses use this type of service. Some cloud providers provide this service to businesses as a virtualized infrastructure.
In this, businesses outsource storage, servers, and cloud networking with the help of the Internet. An example of this is VPS (Virtual Private Server), in which you also get network, software, and computing power.
2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
Platform as a service is also a category of cloud computing that provides an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications.
PaaS is designed to make it easier for developers to build web or mobile applications, without having to worry about setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure of servers, storage, networks, and databases needed for development.
3. Software as a service (SaaS)
Software as a Service is a way of distributing software applications over the Internet and is a subscription basis service. In Software as a Service (SaaS), cloud providers host and handle software applications and underlying infrastructures, such as software upgrades and security patching. Users access their resources via the Internet through their phone tablet browser or application.
Q2. What are the key features of cloud Computing?
Ans. The key features of cloud computing
1. Resource Pooling
Resource pooling is one of the essential features of cloud computing. Resource pooling means that a cloud service provider can share resources among multiple customers, each providing a different set of services according to their needs.
It is a multi-client strategy that can be applied to data storage, processing, and bandwidth-distributed services. The administration process of resource allocation in real time does not conflict with the customer experience.
Resource pooling is one of the important features of cloud computing. It is a cloud service provider such as Amazon AWS, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), or Microsoft Azure that shares its resources with different clients and provides a different set of services to each client.
2. On-demand self-service
It is one of the important and essential features of cloud computing. This enables the client to continuously monitor server uptime, capabilities, and allocated network storage. This is a fundamental feature of cloud computing, and the customer can also control the computing capabilities according to their needs.
3. Easy Maintenance
This is one of the best cloud features. Servers are easily maintained, and downtime is minimal or sometimes zero. Cloud computing-powered resources often undergo several updates to optimize their capabilities and capability. Updates are more viable with devices and perform faster than previous versions.
4. Scalability and fast elasticity
A key feature and advantage of cloud computing is its rapid scalability. This cloud feature enables cost-effective management of workloads that require a large number of servers but only for a short period. Many customers have workloads that can be run very cost-effectively due to the rapid scalability of cloud computing.
5. Economical
This cloud feature helps in reducing the IT spending of organizations. In cloud computing, customers need to pay the administration for the space they use. There is no cover-up or additional charges that need to be paid. The administration is economical, and more often than not, some space is allocated for free.
6. Measured and Reporting Services
Reporting Services are one of the many cloud features that make it the best choice for organizations. The measurement and reporting service is helpful to both cloud providers and their customers.
This enables both the provider and the customer to monitor and report what services are used and for what purposes. It helps in monitoring billing and ensuring the optimum utilization of resources.
7. Security
Data security is one of the best features of cloud computing. Cloud services copy the stored data to prevent any kind of data loss. If one server loses data by any chance, the copied version is restored from the other server.
This feature comes in handy when more than one user is working on a particular file in real time, and a file suddenly gets corrupted.
8. Automation
Automation is an essential feature of cloud computing. The ability of cloud computing to automatically install, configure and maintain a cloud service is known as automation in cloud computing. In simple words, it is the process of making the most of technology and minimizing manual effort.
However, achieving automation in a cloud ecosystem is not that easy. This requires the installation and deployment of virtual machines, servers, and large storage. Upon successful deployment, these resources also require constant maintenance.
9. Flexibility
Resilience in cloud computing refers to the ability of a service to recover quickly from any disruption. The resilience of the cloud is measured by how fast its servers, databases, and network systems recover and recover from damage or damage.
Availability is another key feature of cloud computing. Since cloud services can be accessed remotely, there are no geographic restrictions or limitations on the use of cloud resources.
As competition increases, the company needs to scale. In the traditional way of hosting, users will have to change their service provider. Hosting in the cloud provides users with additional flexibility.
Scaling does not require a server restart and can be done at any moment. There is flexibility in payment options. This means that companies do not have to pay more for unnecessary resources.
10. Large Network Access
A large part of a cloud’s characteristics is its ubiquity. The client can access cloud data or transfer data to the cloud from any location with a device and an Internet connection. These capabilities are available everywhere in the organization and are achieved with the help of the internet.
Cloud providers deliver that large network access by monitoring and guaranteeing measurements that reflect how clients access cloud resources and data: latency, access times, data throughput, and more.
Q3. What is function as a service?
Ans. Function as a Service (FaaS) is a category of cloud computing services that provides a platform that enables customers to develop, run, and manage application functionality without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with development and release. of an application.
FaaS is an event-driven application model. Functions are executed in response to events that occur and trigger the execution of the functions. Function-As-a-Service (FaaS) is a broader notion of serverless computing. Functions are stateless.
They scale automatically. When the load is increased, more function instances are created. If the function fails for any reason (server/disk failures), they are automatically restarted on another server. Features are more granular than Container-As-a-Service for designing distributed systems.
Q4. What is serverless Computing?
Ans. Serverless is a cloud-native development model that allows developers to build and run applications without having to manage servers.
There are still serverless servers, but they are abstract from application development. A cloud provider handles the routine work of provisioning, maintaining, and scaling the server infrastructure. Developers can simply wrap their code into containers for deployment.
Q5. What is virtualization?
Ans. Virtualization allows multiple instances of operating systems to run simultaneously on a single computer; it is a means of separating hardware from a single operating system. Each “guest” operating system is managed by a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), also known as a hypervisor.
Because the virtualization system sits between the guest and the hardware, it can monitor the guest’s CPU, memory, and storage usage, even allowing a guest operating system to migrate from one machine to another.
Q6. What is “EUCALYPTUS” in Cloud Computing?
Ans. Eucalyptus Cloud Platform bundles existing virtualized infrastructure to create cloud resources for Infrastructure as a Service, Network as a Service, and Storage as a Service. The name Eucalyptus is an acronym for Elastic Utility Computing Architecture to link its programs to useful systems.
Eucalyptus was founded from a research project in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and became a for-profit company called Eucalyptus Systems in 2009.
Eucalyptus Systems announced a formal agreement with Amazon Web Services (AWS) in March. 2012, which allows administrators to move instances between a Eucalyptus private cloud and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) to create a hybrid cloud.
The partnership also allows Eucalyptus to work with Amazon product teams to develop unique features compatible with AWS.
Q7. What is an API Gateway?
Ans. API Gateway helps us expose our services to the outside world. It can perform a lot of vital tasks like
- Authentication and authorization
- Load balancing
- Application performance monitoring
- Provide a unique URL for our applications (Routing)
- Data caching
- security reviews
Q8. What is the importance of virtualization?
Ans. Virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual resource analogous to a server, desktop, operating system, file, storage, or network. The heart of virtualization is managing workloads by radically converting traditional computing to be more scalable.
Virtualization has been part of the IT landscape for decades and can now be applied to a wide range of system layers, including OS-level virtualization, hardware-level virtualization, and server virtualization. Virtualization technology consists of separating physical hardware and software by emulating a software attack.
When a different operating system operates on top of the main operating system through virtualization, it is called a virtual machine. Virtualization can be distributed in different layers: desktop, server, file, storage, and network.
Each sub-caste of virtualization has its own set of benefits and complications. The technology offers numerous benefits, including low-cost or no-cost implementation, full resource application, functional cost savings, and energy savings.
Still, planting virtualization technology requires careful planning and specialized experts. Since the virtual machines use the same chests to run, it can cause slow performance.
Q9. What is a Hypervisor?
Ans. A hypervisor (or virtual machine monitor, VMM, virtualizer) is computer software, firmware, or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called a host machine, and each virtual machine is called a guest machine.
Q10. What is Cluster in Cloud Computing?
Ans. When multiple servers are combined, they form a cluster. The nodes in the cluster are meant to perform the same task. Therefore, they differ from grid computers in that each node can have different tasks to complete
Q11. Difference between Stopping and Terminating the instances?
Ans. When an EC2 instance is terminated, the instance will shut down and the virtual machine that was provisioned for you will be permanently deleted and you will no longer be charged for the use of the instance. All data stored locally on the instance will be lost.
All attached EBS volumes will be detached and removed. However, if you attach an EBS snapshot to an instance at boot time, the default option on the panel is to remove the attached EBS volume upon completion.
Q12. Why is Cloud Computing the future?
Ans. The future of cloud computing is likely to represent a combination of cloud-based software products and on-premises computing, creating a hybrid computing solution that balances the security and control of a private data center with the scalability. . and flexibility of the cloud.
In today’s cloud market, a large cloud provider’s infrastructure can benefit in a number of ways. The cost structure acts as a utility that provides an operating cost model without upfront infrastructure costs. For companies that want strong growth, the ability to do good right away is good. There are certain limits to these benefits. Businesses rely on speed and data.
Data privacy is increasingly vulnerable, the cloud poses additional security concerns. As enterprises understand what is available and major technology providers adjust their business models to allow them to buy reality-oriented customer payment models on on-premises infrastructure, there is a need to find the balance between cloud and technology. internal.
The variable component of this hybrid IT future and the most attractive use of the cloud will be software publishers offering their products as cloud solutions that will diversify the needs of cloud customers across platforms, according to their service providers. software.
Traditional data centers and traditional IT service delivery models will be phased out. Gone are the days of our own data centers, our own devices, and hardware installation/upgrade. There are some solutions, but they will be very narrow.
Q13. What are two different types of Data Centers deployed for Cloud Computing?
In cloud computing, data centers may have different terminologies and may be divided differently. Based on the advancement of technology, cloud-based data centers can be classified into the following most appropriate types or levels:
Tier I data center: This is the simplest form of the data center that can exist. It has enough infrastructure to keep it running. Tier I data centers are the simplest, cheapest, and most outdated data centers in existence today. Tier I can be as small as a closet and have a single power line with no backup services.
Tier II Data Center: The second tier is located just above the first and is an upgrade from its previous tier. The second-tier cloud data center has multiple redundant components and backup power. It also has an improved cooling system.
Level III data center: it is a more modern level and has redundancy for all components. It means that each component will have a backup running simultaneously. When one of the two (the hardware and its backup hardware) fails, the other takes over the operations of the failed hardware. Therefore, such cloud-based data centers have the best uptime availability.
Tier IV Data Center: Of all cloud computing data centers, Tier IV is the most advanced and therefore the most reliable. Like Tier IV, it has support for all components, including power lines and the cooling system. The assembly is fully fault-tolerant and can be repaired while it is still in operation.
Q14. What is a VPN?
Ans. VPN stands for “Virtual Private Network” and represents the possibility of establishing a secure network association when using public organizations. VPNs encrypt your web traffic and mask your online character. This makes it more difficult for strangers to follow your exercises on the web and take the information. Encryption happens progressively.
Q15. What’s the difference between edge computing and cloud computing?
Ans. Cloud computing: Cloud computing is a centralized network of remote servers that provides on-demand availability of computing and storage resources through an Internet connection. It offers companies cost reduction, mobility, and security, as data is centrally managed and stored virtually.
Edge Computing: For starters, it is the evolution and most efficient form of cloud computing. However, according to the literal meaning, it specifies that all calculations will be done at the edge of the network instead of a centrally managed platform.
Q16. What security laws are used for securing data in the Cloud?
Ans. Cloud-based internet security is an outsourced solution for data storage. Data centers manage these servers to ensure data security. Companies are turning to cloud storage solutions to solve a variety of problems. Small businesses use the cloud to cut costs
Input Validation – Essentially controls the data that is transmitted to any system.
Cloud storage involves at least one data server that a user connects to over the Internet. The user sends files manually or automatically through the Internet to the data server that transmits the information to different servers. The stored data is accessible through a web interface.
Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers, Cloud Engineer Interview Questions, Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers.
Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers, Cloud Engineer Interview Questions, Cloud Computing Interview Questions and Answers